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From Wikipedia :

Game theory is an area of \u200b\u200bapplied mathematics that uses models to study interactions in formalized structures incentives (called sets) and carry out the decision process. Its researchers study the optimal strategies and expected and observed behavior of individuals in games. Types of interaction apparently different may in fact present similar incentive structures, and therefore can represent a thousand times the same game together.

Developed in its infancy as a tool for understanding the behavior of the economy, game theory is now used in many fields, from biology to philosophy. Experienced substantial growth and was formalized for the first time from the work of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, before and during the Cold War, mainly due to its application to military strategy, particularly because the concept of mutual destruction guaranteed. Since the seventies, game theory has been applied to animal behavior, including the development of species by natural selection. Following games like prisoner's dilemma, in which widespread selfishness hurts the players, game theory has been used in economics, political science, ethics and philosophy. Finally, it has also attracted the attention of researchers in computer science, being used in artificial intelligence and cybernetics.

Although it has some similarities to the decision theory, game theory studies decisions made in environments where they interact. In other words, studies choice of optimal behavior when costs and benefits of each option are not fixed in advance, but depend on the choices of other individuals. A well known example of the application of game theory to real life is the prisoner's dilemma, popularized by mathematician Albert W. Tucker, which has many implications for understanding the nature of human cooperation. The psychological theory of games, which is rooted in the psychoanalytic school of transactional analysis, is entirely different.
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analysts regularly use other areas of mathematics, including probability, statistics and linear programming in conjunction with game theory. Besides its academic interest, game theory has received attention in popular culture. The life of theoretical mathematician John Forbes Nash, Nash Equilibrium developer and received a Nobel prize, was the subject of the biography by Sylvia Nasar, A Beautiful Mind (1998), and the film of the same name (2001). Several television programs have explored situations game theory, as the competition of television of Catalonia (TV3) Sis to treason (six to treason), the American television program Friend or foe? (Friend or foe?) And, to some extent, the Survivor contest. Content

• 1 Representation of games
  • 1.1 normal form game
  • 1.2 extensive form game
• 2 Types games and examples
  • 2.1 symmetrical and asymmetrical Games
  • 2.2 zero-sum games and non-zero sum
  • 2.3 Cooperative games
  • 2.4 Simultaneous and sequential
  • 2.5 games of perfect information
  • 2.6 Games of infinite length (supergame)
• 3 Applications
  • 3.1 Business and Economy
    • 3.1.1 Descriptive
    • Policy 3.1.2
  • 3.2
  • Biology 3.3 Computer and logic
  • 3.4 Political Science
  • 3.5 Philosophy
• 4 History of game theory
• 5 Bibliography
• 6 Links

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